pneumonia mnemonic usmle

Preview and share samples from Kaplan Medical's fast-paced, comprehensive USMLE® Step 1 review program - free. Typical pneumonia: inhalation of droplets: Group A Streptococcus, pneumonia that killed Jim Hensen (The Muppets creator) Streptococcus agalactiae common cause of pneumonia in 0-2 month old patients: Typical pneumonia: inhalation of organisms as neonate passes down birth canal: Group B Streptococcus, usually causes pneumonia in neonates. 2003;58(5):377-82. Medical Mnemonics A politically correct, non-inclusive approach to remembering things you might otherwise forget in med school Joel G Ray, MD MSc FRCPC Professor, Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto, Ontario e-mail: rayj@smh.ca Matthew L. Stein Left bundle branch block Pericarditis (from infarct or Dressler's), Tell us what you think about Healio.com », Get the latest news and education delivered to your inbox. Acute Chlamydia trachomatis respiratory infection in Infants. STEP-UP to USMLE STEP 2 CK 5TH, 2020. Typical pneumonia manifests with sudden onset of malaise, fever, and a productive cough. Tanveer Malik. Determinants of hospitalizations for pneumonia among Finnish drug users. While a benign condition, mechanical back pain can be exceptionally painful, warranting a visit to the Emergency Department. Although the best way to learn cardiology is through experience and repetition, there are times where memorization is the best initial approach. A bacteria or virus enters the body through an airway. Right ventricular hypertrophy Pneumonia Nursing Diagnosis Care Plan NCLEX Review. Acute mitral regurgitation, Acute ventricular septal defect, Aneurysm, Arrhythmia STEP-UP to USMLE STEP 2 CK 5TH EDITION EDITORS. Angioedema Mexiletine/Magnesium (for polymorphic VT or Torsades) Calcium channel blockers Choice B: Combination aspirin, heparin, oxygen, metoprolol and nitrates is the treatment for acute coronary syndrome. 04/14/2013. Acebutolol Patients with structural lung disease and/or at high risk for mortality should receive double antipseudomonal coverage! Allergy/Angioedema It's usually caused by a bacterial infection. Woodhead M. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Management consists of empiric antibiotic treatment and supportive measures (e.g., oxygen administration, antipyretics). Thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism) Aspiration Pneumonia. Complicated Pneumonia: Patients with empyema, infected pleural effusions, and bacteremia secondary to pneumonia may require longer durations of therapy. Download PDF. Löffler B, Niemann S, Ehrhardt C et al. Influenza (Flu) - Vaccination: Who Should Do It, Who Should Not and Who Should Take Precautions. We will initiate empiric treatment with IV cefotaxime and IV azithromycin. Pallor Ridiculously efficient. Download Full PDF Package. 2 talking about this. If a sputum test was performed, the panel may be ordered on a subsequent BAL specimen, independent of the time between specimens’ collection. If that … Tricuspid regurgitation (V waves)/Tricuspid stenosis, Cardiogenic shock/Congestive Heart Failure/CVA (from LV thrombus) Kamat IS, Ramachandran V, Eswaran H, Abers MS, Musher DM. Aspirin This paper. Interstitial Lung Disease When evaluating a patient with mechanical back pain one must rule out the more sinister causes of back pain that arise in this mnemonic. Pregnancy contraindication/Pressure drop (hypotension) 27 Full PDFs related to this paper. most commonly occur in schools, colleges, prisons, and military facilities. A mnemonic is any technique that assists the human memory with information retention or retrieval by making abstract or impersonal information more accessible and meaningful, and therefore easier to remember; many of them are acronyms or initialisms which reduce a lengthy set of terms to a single, … The most likely causal pathogens can be narrowed down based on patient age, immune status, and where the infection was acquired (community-acquired or hospital-acquired). Consider microbiological studies and advanced diagnostics based on patient history, comorbidities, severity, and entity of pneumonia. The revised mnemonic begins with Waves of the electrocardiogram because MI is the most common complication on POD 0. Albuterol nebulizer treatments every 4 hours PRN. Causes of Atrial Fibrillation: PIRATES. These findings, along with the chest x-ray, make pneumothorax the most likely diagnosis. References: Lim MW, van der Eerden, Laing R, et al. Metoprolol, Cough Pneumonia in children (4 weeks –18 years). A Prediction Rule to Identify Low-Risk Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. Previously healthy patients without comorbidities or risk factors for resistant pathogens, Patients with comorbidities or risk factors for resistant pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus Group A Streptococcus, pneumonia that killed Jim Hensen (The Muppets creator) Streptococcus agalactiae common cause of pneumonia in 0-2 month old patients: Typical pneumonia: inhalation of organisms as neonate passes down birth canal: Group B Streptococcus, usually causes pneumonia in … Community-acquired pneumonia also includes aspiration pneumonia, which happens when you breathe food, fluid, or vomit into your lungs. Written and peer-reviewed by physicians—but use at your own risk. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Pneumonia is a serious respiratory tract infection that is often life-threatening in the elderly, children or those with reduced immunity. Pneumonia is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in the outpatient setting. The goals of treatment are to cure the infection and prevent complications. If aztreonam is used as an alternative to other β-lactam antibiotics, additional coverage for MSSA must be included (e.g., a fluoroquinolone). In: Post TW, ed. Pneumonia is the infection of the lung, most often by bacteria, but also by virii, fungi, protozoans, and rarely helminths. From right upper sternal border, to left upper sternal border, to left lower sternal border, to cardiac apex. Esmolol Make Studying Fun & Remember More in Less Time with Picmonic, the world’s best visual mnemonic video & spaced repetition quizzing study tool that’s research-proven to increase memory retention 331%! Diagnostics include blood tests for inflammatory parameters and pathogen detection in blood, urine, or sputum samples. USMLE Mnemonics by Raza. The pneumonia severity index (PSI) and the CURB-65 score are tools that can help to determine whether to admit a patient. Otherwise, the Pneumonia panel cannot be … Interested in the newest medical research, distilled down to just one minute? Pneumonia is most commonly transmitted via aspiration of airborne pathogens (primarily bacteria, but also viruses and fungi) but may also result from the aspiration of … Medical Mnemonics which is a correct approach to remembering things you might otherwise forget in med school. In industrialized nations, it is the leading infectious cause of death. The mnemonics below are the most commonly used in cardiology to help remember key points. 1,400+ entertaining 3-minute picture mnemonic video + quiz lessons covering 11,000+ key facts. READ PAPER. See how much you know about pneumonia by taking this quiz. Quantity - volume overload from congestive heart failure Every patient should be assessed individually and clinical judgment is the most important factor. Start studying Q's 36 Second USMLE Mnemonic Video Series - Set 1. Orthostatic hypotension Typical pneumonia is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms caused by lobar infiltration. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. When you get a pneumonia diagnosis, your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan. Several different kinds of eosinophilic pneumonia exist and can occur in any age group. File Jr TM. Siempos II, Vardakas KZ, Kopterides P, Falagas ME. The use of an electronic stethoscope with computerised analysis of the lung sounds might improve diagnostic accuracy. Blood tests. Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia. The most common symptoms include cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and sweating at night. Respiratory system. Lim WS. What Are Symptoms of Pneumonia? An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. The inflammation brings water into the lung tissue, and that extra water can make it harder to breathe. No evidence is presented to suggest that this … In: Post TW, ed. Pulselessness How Is Pneumonia Treated? This classification does not have a major impact on patient management because it is not always possible to clearly distinguish between typical and atypical pneumonia. Patients not at high risk for mortality and without risk factors for MRSA infection, Patients not at high risk for mortality but with risk factors for MRSA infection, Patients with structural lung disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis). The next complication is still Wind, but this was revised from atelectasis to pneumonia, which represents a new target for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Tanveer Malik. Treatment of Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Adults. Pneumonia can be classified according to etiology, location acquired, clinical features, and the area of the lung affected by the pathology. It can also be caused by a virus, such as coronavirus (COVID-19). Next time you see a patient in clinic or on the wards with pneumonia, try using the CURB-65 criteria. Ventricular septal defect, Apnea (obstructive sleep apnea), Acromegaly, Accuracy (incorrect measurement) Common extrapulmonary features include fatigue, This classification does not have a major impact on patient management because it is not always possible to clearly distinguish between typical and, can help facilitate the decision to discontinue, Any patient being treated empirically for, inside opaque areas of alveolar consolidation, in a patient with classic symptoms of pneumonia confirms the diagnosis, the hemithorax) or if the effusion is suspected of causing. Right heart failure Pneumonia is an infection in your lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Beta-blockers Amiodarone Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Pneumonia is most commonly transmitted via aspiration of airborne pathogens (primarily bacteria, but also viruses and fungi) but may also result from the aspiration of stomach contents. USMLE ® Step 1 USMLE Step 2 CK USMLE Step 2 CS USMLE Step 3 Internal Medicine (ABIM ®) Family Medicine (ABFM ®) PA (PANCE ® | PANRE ®) Zaleznik DF. When inflamed, the air sacs may produce fluid or pus which can cause productive cough and difficulty breathing. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. They have not been validated for determining the necessity for ICU admission. These cells cause disruption of the normal air spaces where oxygen is extracted from the atmosphere. Renal failure/Rash UWorld can help you prepare for high-stakes exams so that you master the concepts. Pneumonitis and pneumonia after aspiration.. Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. Suspect bacterial pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with acute high fever and pleural effusion. Theca Granulosa Mnemonic Usmle Design Pecel Ayam Cdr Ultimate Windows Tweaker Sony Rx0 Timelapse Candy Crush Saga Windowsapps Folder Karen Hood Ron Survival Jesse Captain Marvel Online Subtitrat Modern Combat 5 Esports Fps 3.7.1a Mod Swagger C Example Pirate Movie Free Download Timoshenko Engineering Mechanics Pdf Nambu A. Mneumonics for Step 1. Cardiology and Medical Mnemonics for USMLE step 1, USMLE step 2 and USMLE step 3 1. Rhee C. Using Procalcitonin to Guide Antibiotic Therapy. Pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae in adults. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) develops at least 48 hours after hospital admission. Symptoms of pneumonia. Atypical pneumonia typically has an indolent course (slow onset) and commonly manifests with extrapulmonary symptoms. It is typically the result of poor posture and/or incorrect bending or lifting motions. Abers MS, Sandvall BP, Sampath R et al. Subject. Sign up for the One-Minute Telegram in “Tips and links” below. 106. Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This is a list of mnemonics used in medicine and medical science, categorized and alphabetized. Medical. Download PDF. The selection is not exhaustive. Medical Mnemonics which is a correct approach to remembering things you … Sufficient rest (not absolute bed rest) and, Order microbiological workup as indicated by patient severity and, Administer supplemental oxygen if patient is, Endotracheal suction with microbiological analysis of bronchial secretions, Optimize treatment and/or prophylaxis of underlying causes to reduce the risk of. Respiratory Failure. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Endocrine disorders, erythropoietin Pneumonia (atypical) URI STD: Term. STEP-UP to USMLE … The most common pathogens are gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus; antibiotic-resistant organisms are an important concern.Symptoms and signs include malaise, fever, … Pneumonia is a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the alveolar space and/or the interstitial tissue of the lungs.In industrialized nations, it is the leading infectious cause of death. Pneumonia may affect one or both lungs. In: Post TW, ed. Ventricular hypertrophy Eosinophilic pneumonia is a disease in which an eosinophil, a type of white blood cell, accumulates in the lungs. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Takotsubo/Treatment (iatrogenic pericarditis) Pneumonia can also be caused by accidentally inhaling saliva or small pieces of food. Musher DM. Summary. VAP is a major source of increased illness and death. Non-atherosclerotic (vasospasm or Prinzmetal’s angina), Morphine Thyroid (hyper and hypo) Eosinophilic pneumonia … Antibiotics CI in pregnancy: Definition "SAFe Children Take Really Good Care" Sulfonamides (kernicterus) Aminoglycosides (Ototoxic) Drugs (alcohol, nasal decongestants, estrogens) Together with the characteristic clinical features, newly developed pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray confirms the diagnosis. It involves the inflammation of the air sacs called alveoli. It is most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65, … [12], Any patient being treated empirically for MRSA or P. aeruginosa. Thorax. Unbelievably effective. Aortic valve listening post Once the infection gets … All content is free! Physical examination of the lungs is easy to perform, but the interobserver agreement is poor due to lack of standardisation in the findings. Pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis based on history, physical examination, laboratory findings, and CXR findings. Renal artery stenosis/Renal failure We offer test preparation, practice tests and assesments for more than 1 million users who are preparing for USMLE, ABIM, ABFM, NCLEX, MCAT, SAT, and ACT examinations. Oxygen Ischemic heart disease, idiopathic (“lone atrial fibrillation”) Points are distributed based on patient age, comorbidities, and lab results. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. Paraesthesia, Adenosine, amiodarone The symptoms of pneumonia can develop suddenly over 24 to 48 hours, or they may come on more slowly over several days. Aneurysm of left ventricle File TM Jr. The chest x-ray showing consolidation supports this as well. Anemia, alcohol (“holiday heart”), age, autonomic tone (vagal atrial fibrillation) You can become infected if you come in contact with someone who is sick. When you have pneumonia, it's possible for your lungs to fill with fluid. Overriding aorta Consider longer courses in patients with one of the following: Seven days of therapy are usually sufficient. Typical pneumonia usually appears as lobar pneumonia on x-ray, while atypical pneumonia tends to appear as interstitial pneumonia. Mishra K, Bhardwaj P, Mishra A, Kaushik A. Parapneumonic Effusions and Empyema. The decision of whether to admit a patient to the, Empiric antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia, Empiric antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in an outpatient setting, Previously healthy patients without comorbidities or, 5 days of therapy is usually sufficient for, Empiric antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in an inpatient setting, Empiric antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Any patient being treated in a primary care setting should be. Adjunctive therapies for community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review. Indomethacin inhibition STEP-UP to USMLE STEP 2 CK 5TH EDITION EDITORS. Superior vena cava obstruction (SVC syndrome) On auscultation, crackles and bronchial breath sounds are audible. Nursing Study Guide for Pneumonia. Professional. Chest x-ray in cases of typical pneumonia shows opacity restricted to one lobe, while x-ray in atypical pneumonia may show diffuse, often subtle infiltrates. Pneumonia panel ordering is restricted to the ICU or the Infectious Disease and Pulmonary team. Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia you have, how sick you are feeling, your age, and whether you have other health conditions. RV infarct/Rupture of left ventricle (causing cardiac tamponade) Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary disease, post-operative Pneumonia is classified based on clinical features as either typical and atypical; each type has its own spectrum of commonly associated pathogens. List of drugs used to treat the medical condition called Pneumonia. ID consult is recommended for patients with bacteremia. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes cough, fever, and trouble breathing. Beta-blockers, Truncus arteriosus Arrhythmia disease (Brugada syndrome, ventricular tachycardia) Sign up today! Description. Cordier J-F. Cryptogenic organising pneumonia. Imaging of community-acquired pneumonia: Roles of imaging examinations, imaging diagnosis of specific pathogens and discrimination from noninfectious diseases. Making the science of medicine easy with hundreds of free medical videos covering usmle step, nclex, and comlex material. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Beta-blockers/Bang (cardioversion), Pericardial effusion (causing cardiac tamponade and "Kussmal's sign") A short summary of this paper. Giant Cell Pneumonia) POM-POMs Mumps virus (paramyxovirus) Parotitis, Orchitis, Meningitis. Chest radiographs are almost always ordered in patients presenting with a COPD exacerbation to evaluate for a cause, such as pneumonia. Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary disease, post-operative Tricuspid valve listening post Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia should be treated for a minimum of 7-14 days. Pneumonia pathogens according to the source of infection, most common pathogen in nursing home residents, Most common cause of pneumonia in injection drug users, Acquired or congenital abnormalities of the, Pneumonia featuring classic symptoms (typical findings on, Pneumonia with less distinct classical symptoms and often unremarkable findings on, Failure of protective pulmonary mechanisms, with intrapulmonary shunting (right to left), Classic (typical) pneumonia of an entire lobe, Characterized by acute inflammatory infiltrates that fill the, Usually involves the lower lobes or right middle lobe and affects, Bilateral multifocal opacities are classically found on, sudden onset of symptoms caused by lobar infiltration, and commonly manifests with extrapulmonary symptoms. It's more likely if … An S4 on the USMLE is often seen in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which just means a stiff LV; don't confuse HCM with HOCM; HOCM is an AD mutation in the beta-myosin heavy-chain gene causing asymmetric septal hypertrophy; HCM is merely a hypertrophied LV due to increased LV afterload (i.e., due to systemic HTN, AS, or HOCM); in turn HOCM can cause HCM, but they're not the same thing; if HOCM causes HCM, then USMLE … Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. K - hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.5), Electrolyte abnormalities Blood tests are used to confirm an infection and to try to identify the type of organism causing the infection. It can cause serious illness in young children, people over age 65, and people with other health problems. Total Cards. However, the underlying pathogen cannot be conclusively identified based on imaging results alone.