pdq endometrial cancer

This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about endometrial cancer prevention. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. : Hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and risk of endometrial hyperplasia. Most cases of endometrial cancer (85%) are diagnosed at low stage because of symptoms, and survival rates are high. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of endometrial cancer. Published recommendations for screening certain groups of It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. [43-45] However, other studies have failed to confirm such an association. Olson SH, Trevisan M, Marshall JR, et al. : Randomized double-blind trial of estrogen replacement therapy versus placebo in stage I or II endometrial cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. : Leisure-time physical activity and endometrial cancer risk: dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Gynecol Oncol 91 (1): 154-9, 2003. Gynecol Oncol 17 (1): 1-21, 1984. Jansen FW, Vredevoogd CB, van Ulzen K, et al. [9,10] The most recent American Cancer Society Cancer Detection Guidelines (updated January 2005) recommend annual screening with endometrial biopsy beginning at age 35 years.[11]. Fleischer AC, Wheeler JE, Lindsay I, et al. Luo J, Beresford S, Chen C, et al. Scientists are … [4-8] Tamoxifen therapy is also a cause of endometrial cancer. Barakat RR, Gilewski TA, Almadrones L, et al. Diabetologia 50 (7): 1365-74, 2007. Other factors associated with increased risk, such as obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, may also be related to increased estrogen exposure. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about endometrial cancer screening. Unlike tamoxifen, it does not have an estrogenic effect on the uterus. Br J Cancer 111 (7): 1432-9, 2014. Board members review recently published articles each month to determine whether an article should: Changes to the summaries are made through a consensus process in which Board members evaluate the strength of the evidence in the published articles and determine how the article should be included in the summary. A variety of procedures are included under the umbrella of bariatric surgery. Learn More. This effect has been seen in prospective cohort and case-control studies and was summarized in a meta-analysis. Among the 93 women with abnormal ET, 42 had endometrial aspiration with one finding of abnormal pathology (defined as adenocarcinoma or atypical hyperplasia). However, it is not approved for use in Canada or the United States. Br J Cancer 84 (7): 975-81, 2001. : Phytoestrogen intake and endometrial cancer risk. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer screening. Gynecol Oncol 39 (3): 253-8, 1990. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 59 (2): 157-61, 1997. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about endometrial cancer prevention. Of the specimens, 75% of the samples contained sufficient tissue for diagnosis. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus, a hollow, muscular organ in a woman’s pelvis. Stage IIIB endometrial cancer. : Etiologic heterogeneity in endometrial cancer: evidence from a Gynecologic Oncology Group trial. [7-9] Thus, risk factors for endometrial cancer include reproductive factors such as nulliparity, early menarche, and late menopause, as well as obesity with adult weight gain, polycystic ovary syndrome, postmenopausal estrogen use, and tamoxifen use. 128, October 1993). Watson P, Vasen HF, Mecklin JP, et al. : Relation of obesity and body fat distribution to endometrial cancer in Shanghai, China. : Insulin and endometrial cancer. Setiawan VW, Pike MC, Kolonel LN, et al. Updated statistics with estimated new cases and deaths for 2021 (cited American Cancer Society as reference 1). Cancer Treat Rep 69 (2): 237-8, 1985. Sanyal AJ, Sugerman HJ, Kellum JM, et al. Gynecol Oncol 55 (2): 164-8, 1994. : Toward new strategies to select young endometrial cancer patients for mismatch repair gene mutation analysis. Obstet Gynecol 96 (2): 266-70, 2000. replace or update an existing article that is already cited. J Clin Oncol 21 (23): 4364-70, 2003. Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking is associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer. The information in these summaries should not be used as a basis for insurance reimbursement determinations. [3-7] Based on limited evidence, it appears that 5-year survival among women with HNPCC diagnosed with endometrial cancer is similar to that of nonhereditary cases in the general population. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. : Soya food intake and risk of endometrial cancer among Chinese women in Shanghai: population based case-control study. Data accepted as a late-breaking abstract and presented as a webinar as part of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology 2020 virtual congress. Cancer Causes Control 7 (3): 328-36, 1996. J Clin Oncol 35 (11): 1189-1193, 2017. Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer. : Life-time risk of different cancers in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. Tibolone is approved for use to manage menopausal symptoms or to prevent osteoporosis in many countries. These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about endometrial cancer prevention. Cancer Treatment; Genetics of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers; and Uterine Sarcoma Treatment are also available. : Bariatric Surgery and the Risk of Cancer in a Large Multisite Cohort. Although endometrial sampling has largely replaced D&C as the first choice in the evaluation of women with bleeding, issues of access to the endometrial cavity and sampling error limit the clinical significance of a negative result. [1,2] Thus, women on hormone therapy should have a prompt diagnostic work-up for abnormal bleeding. JAMA 291 (14): 1701-12, 2004. N Engl J Med 293 (23): 1167-70, 1975. However, an analysis of 36,793 women from the WHI cohort [68] whose weight measured at baseline and at 3-year follow-up was combined with self-reported intentionality of weight loss showed an association between intentional weight loss of 10 pounds or more and lower endometrial cancer incidence (multivariable-adjusted RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40–0.92). Pritchard KI: Screening for endometrial cancer: is it effective? : Cancer risk associated with germline DNA mismatch repair gene mutations. Most cases of endometrial cancer (85%) are diagnosed at low stage because of symptoms, and survival rates are high. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. J Clin Oncol 26 (25): 4151-9, 2008. : Endometrial cancer and estrogen use. Grading endometrial cancer. Many factors affect the risk of developing endometrial cancer, including: Obesity [42], RRs associated with obesity range from 2 to 10. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/hp/endometrial-prevention-pdq. This summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board, which is It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Ann Intern Med 110 (3): 177-9, 1989. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165 (2): 317-20; discussion 320-2, 1991. Hum Mol Genet 6 (1): 105-10, 1997. Cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis and/or around the aorta (the largest artery in the body, which carries blood away from the heart). It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. Korhonen MO, Symons JP, Hyde BM, et al. Troisi R, Potischman N, Hoover RN, et al. CA Cancer J Clin 30 (4): 193-240, 1980 Jul-Aug. Smith-Bindman R, Weiss E, Feldstein V: How thick is too thick? This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of endometrial cancer. Regidor PA: Clinical relevance in present day hormonal contraception. Any comments or questions about the summary content should be submitted to Cancer.gov through the NCI website's Email Us. Stage IIIC endometrial cancer. However, women taking combination estrogen-progesterone therapy (hormone therapy) exhibit similar risk to women who do not take postmenopausal hormone therapy. Brinton LA, Felix AS, McMeekin DS, et al. Report of a large case-control study. Bandera EV, Kushi LH, Gifkins DM, et al. [1] Endometrial cancer is primarily a disease of postmenopausal women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 60 years. J Natl Cancer Inst 90 (18): 1371-88, 1998. Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) General Information About Endometrial Cancer. Am J Epidemiol 146 (6): 476-82, 1997. : Physical activity and postmenopausal endometrial cancer risk (Sweden). BJOG 121 (4): 477-86, 2014. A meta-analysis of PMB reported that 91% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87%–93%) of women with endometrial cancer reported PMB. Cancer Treatment; and Uterine Sarcoma Treatment are also available. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (15): 1158-64, 2003. Endometrial Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) Endometrial Cancer Screening (PDQ®) Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) Source: National Cancer Institute. The Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group. : Combined oral contraceptives: the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). While the greatest reduction in risk occurred after a total duration of breastfeeding of greater than 36 months (adjusted pooled OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.83), for individual episodes of breastfeeding, breastfeeding one child beyond 3 months was associated with a 5% reduction in risk (adjusted pooled OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99). [2,3] Although high-risk groups can be identified, the benefit of screening in reducing endometrial cancer mortality in these high-risk groups has not been evaluated. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. Magnitude of Effect: Use of oral contraceptives for 5 years was associated with an RR reduction of 24% (risk ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.73–0.78) and persisted for more than 30 years. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. : Endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14. Number 185, September 1997 (replaces no. Am J Obstet Gynecol 216 (6): 580.e1-580.e9, 2017. de Bastos M, Stegeman BH, Rosendaal FR, et al. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 97 (22): 1652-62, 2005. This excess risk can be eliminated by adding continuous progestin to estrogen therapy, but this combination is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Want to use this content on your website or other digital platform? J Natl Cancer Inst 85 (22): 1850-5, 1993. : Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study. Dunlop MG, Farrington SM, Carothers AD, et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197 (2): 139.e1-7, 2007. A group of researchers used dilation and curettage (D&C) as a gold standard, to evaluate TVU measurement of ET as a predictor of endometrial cancer in women reporting postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) (estrogen-progestin therapy [hormone therapy] and nonhormone therapy users). [13] The prognosis and survival are similar between HNPCC-related and noninherited forms of endometrial cancer.[14]. Committee on Gynecologic Practice. : The ATAC adjuvant breast cancer trial in postmenopausal women: baseline endometrial subprotocol data. Luo J, Chlebowski RT, Hendryx M, et al. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. The summary reflects an independent review of Patients in the updated analysis of GARNET include women with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer who have progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. [12] Beyond a routine gynecologic examination eliciting any history of abnormal bleeding, it has been recommended that screening studies and procedures for detecting endometrial pathology in women taking tamoxifen should be left to the discretion of the individual gynecologist. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society, 2005. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Persson I, Weiderpass E, Bergkvist L, et al. : Changes in sexual functioning and sex hormone levels in women following bariatric surgery. [70-72] In a prospective cohort study from Sweden, 1,420 obese women who underwent bariatric surgery and 1,447 matched controls who underwent conventional obesity treatment were followed for a median of 18.1 years. Kidney Cancer. Patients with widespread endometrial cancer usually receive hormone therapy, usually progesterone, to slow the cancer's growth. [23,24] Dumping syndrome and metabolic and nutritional derangements from malabsorption may also occur. Thus, risk factors include endometrial hyperplasia, reproductive factors (nulliparity, early menarche and late menopause), polycystic ovary syndrome, postmenopausal estrogen therapy, obesity with adult weight gain, and tamoxifen use. Schauer DP, Feigelson HS, Koebnick C, et al. Gynecol Oncol 149 (1): 127-132, 2018. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer prevention. Reviewers and Updates [40,41], Body weight is a modifiable risk factor, which accounts for a substantial proportion of endometrial cases worldwide. : Breastfeeding and Endometrial Cancer Risk: An Analysis From the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 52 (3): 404-8, 1981. Eddy D: ACS report on the cancer-related health checkup. More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our Contact Us for Help page. These findings challenge the supposition that the increase in endometrial cancer incidence was caused by the obesity epidemic, which would have been expected to increase the incidence of the endometrioid subtype more than the nonendometrioid subtypes.[6]. The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Our syndication services page shows you how. : Society of Gynecologic Oncologists Education Committee statement on risk assessment for inherited gynecologic cancer predispositions. Based on solid evidence, current use of combined oral contraceptives is associated with an increased risk of blood clots,[18] stroke, and myocardial infarction,[19] especially among women who smoke cigarettes and who are older than 35 years. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus, a hollow, muscular organ in a woman’s pelvis. women, with an estimated 66,570 new cases expected to occur in 2021 and an estimated 12,940 women expected to die of the disease. [58], Oral contraceptive usage confers a long-term reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer. Both of these analyses share substantial limitations. [13] Commonly, there are endometrial abnormalities in women taking tamoxifen, especially in false-positive endovaginal ultrasound screening tests. Burk JR, Lehman HF, Wolf FS: Inadequacy of papanicolaou smears in the detection of endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med 361 (5): 445-54, 2009. [22] In addition, progestational agents were known to be effective in the treatment of uterine neoplasms. [9], Another study obtained endometrial biopsy specimens from 801 asymptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women prior to enrollment in a hormone therapy study. Fornander T, Rutqvist LE, Cedermark B, et al. Smith DC, Prentice R, Thompson DJ, et al. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Eyre HJ: American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer, 2005. Gray LA, Christopherson WM, Hoover RN: Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19 (12): 3119-30, 2010. : Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding: comparison of three outpatient procedures within cohorts defined by age and menopausal status. Why Commemorate 50 Years of the National Cancer Act? Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) Related Stories. Enriori CL, Reforzo-Membrives J: Peripheral aromatization as a risk factor for breast and endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women: a review. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer screening. American Cancer Society: Detailed Guide: Endometrial Cancer: What are the Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer? J Natl Cancer Inst 96 (21): 1635-8, 2004. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, 2015. International Agency for Research On Cancer: IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention. Updated statistics with estimated new cases and deaths for 2021 (cited American Cancer Society as reference 1). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. There is interest in trying to reduce the morbidity from endometrial cancer through early detection, and there has been interest in using endovaginal ultrasound as a method to screen women to detect endometrial cancer. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about endometrial cancer prevention. Utilizing the Postmenopausal Estrogen and Progestin Interventions Trial participants who had undergone both TVU and endometrial biopsy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined for women who received placebo, estrogen alone, and estrogen-progestin therapy. Madison T, Schottenfeld D, James SA, et al. : Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia With a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System: A Korean Gynecologic-Oncology Group Study. new information becomes available. Evidence suggests that lower income is associated with advanced-stage disease, lower probability of undergoing a hysterectomy, and lower survival rates. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Haoula Z, Salman M, Atiomo W: Evaluating the association between endometrial cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive cancer of the female reproductive system. Horn-Ross PL, John EM, Canchola AJ, et al. Cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis and/or around the aorta (the largest artery in the body, which carries blood away from the heart). Significantly increased risks were restricted to women 50 years or older at study entry. : Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis. [35], Raloxifene is a second-generation SERM approved for prophylaxis against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Madison T, Schottenfeld D, James SA, et al. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of endometrial cancer.It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 (4): 321-7, 1993 Jul-Aug. Elliott EA, Matanoski GM, Rosenshein NB, et al. [66] In this study, 93,843 users of LNG-IUS were followed for 855,324 women-years at risk. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation. : Endometrial cancer: stage at diagnosis and associated factors in black and white patients. In a prospective, observational study of 304 women using tamoxifen over 6 years, women underwent annual endovaginal ultrasound screening; women with abnormal ultrasound findings and women who were symptomatic with bleeding all underwent endometrial biopsy. Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information... Purpose of This Summary. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Swanson CA, Potischman N, Wilbanks GD, et al. Lancet Oncol 10 (7): 653-62, 2009. JAMA 280 (17): 1510-7, 1998. More : Impact of raloxifene or tamoxifen use on endometrial cancer risk: a population-based case-control study. Although the incidence of endometrial cancer is lower among black women, mortality is higher. : Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Endometrial Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Patient Version Expert-reviewed information summary about factors that may influence the risk of developing endometrial cancer and about research aimed at the prevention of this disease. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. JAMA Oncol 4 (4): 516-521, 2018. Andersson M, Storm HH, Mouridsen HT: Incidence of new primary cancers after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy and radiotherapy for early breast cancer. Estrogen therapy unopposed by progesterone therapy is a cause of endometrial cancer in women with an intact uterus. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2021. While it is known that obesity is associated with increased endometrial cancer risk, only one study examines the potential benefit of intentional weight loss. Endometrial Cancer Treatment General Information About Endometrial Cancer Endometrial cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the endometrium. Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Feldstein VA, et al. information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in JAMA Intern Med 178 (9): 1210-1222, 2018. PDQ Endometrial Cancer Prevention. These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. Magnitude of Effect: RR of endometrial cancer for women who intentionally lost at least 20 pounds was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.6–1.44). The specificity varies by whether women used hormone therapy. Cancer has spread to the vagina and/or to the parametrium (connective tissue and fat around the uterus and cervix). Thirty-two percent of the ultrasound examinations had associated significant uterine abnormalities identified that required further medical or surgical investigation and treatment. Butterworth J, Deguara J, Borg CM: Bariatric Surgery, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Infertility. Ann Surg 269 (1): 95-101, 2019. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer prevention. : Cancer risk in mutation carriers of DNA-mismatch-repair genes. [57], Oral contraceptives were first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1960, and for many years were the mainstay of hormonal contraception. Cancer Epidemiol 53: 99-104, 2018. : The risk of endometrial cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 55 (1): 31-44; quiz 55-6, 2005 Jan-Feb. Barakat RR: Tamoxifen and endometrial neoplasia. [53] In a meta-analysis of studies of the association between diabetes and cancer, endometrial cancer was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of approximately 2. Taylor HC: Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma of the body of the uterus. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s Email Us. J Clin Oncol 18 (20): 3459-63, 2000. Any comments or questions about the summary content should be submitted to Cancer.gov through the NCI website's Email Us. : Cancer risk in families with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer diagnosed by mutation analysis. : The risk of endometrial cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer 23 (2): 141-9, 1995. [76] The highest versus the lowest category of recreational activity was associated with an RR for endometrial cancer of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.58–0.93); the RR of endometrial cancer for the highest versus lowest category of occupational physical activity, based on job classification, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68–0.83.)
pdq endometrial cancer 2021