paul ou pol
To avoid state repression, in 1962 he relocated to a jungle encampment and in 1963 became the CPK's leader. [436] During his political career, he used a wide array of pseudonyms: Pouk, Hay, Pol, 87, Grand-Uncle, Elder Brother, First Brother and in later years he used the pseudonyms 99 and Phem. Paul has 1 job listed on their profile. [92] Sihanouk's establishment of a de facto one-party state extinguished hopes that the Cambodian left could take power electorally. [43] Sâr made little or no attempt to assimilate into French culture[46] and was never completely at ease in the French language. Wikipedia. They renamed their organisation the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), a decision initially kept secret. [126] By 1965, the party regarded Cambodia's small proletariat as full of "enemy agents" and systematically refused them membership. Sary travelled to China via Thailand. [55] But he became familiar with the writings of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin,[58] including The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks). [119] According to Chandler, "from this point on he was a full-time revolutionary". Pol To Paul. [272] Many of these irrigation projects failed due to a lack of technical expertise on the part of the workers. [330] Chandler thought that the proposed personality cult "never became full-blown" in large part because "self-advertisement did not come easily to Pol Pot. [216] Their goal was to reach 70 to 80% farm mechanisation in five to ten years, and a modern industrial base in fifteen to twenty years. The total amount raised for Rachel House Hospice in Kinross was £332. [213] The party leadership soon held a meeting at the Silver Pagoda, where they agreed that raising agricultural production should be their government's top priority. [180] Pol Pot also dressed in this fashion. [145] In the summer, Sâr relocated his base 30 miles north to the more mountainous Naga's Tail, to avoid encroaching government troops. No outsider was allowed to meet him without an escort. [418] Within the Communist Party itself, hunger, lack of sleep, and long hours of labour were employed at training camps to ramp up the physical and mental pressure and thus facilitate indoctrination. [388] Hun Sen's forces also carried out military activities, with UN peacekeepers proving ineffective in preventing the violence. [378] In December, the Vietnamese Army launched a major offensive, overrunning the Khmer Rouge's Cambodian base and pushing Pol Pot back into Thailand. [350] As the Vietnamese approached, many officers and other soldiers guarding the city fled; the defence was highly disorganised. [401][402], In late July, Pol Pot and the three Khmer Rouge commanders who remained loyal to him were brought before a mass meeting near Sang'nam. [21] In summer 1949, Sâr passed his brevet and secured one of five scholarships allowing him to travel to France to study at one of its engineering schools. [371] The CPK Standing Committee was replaced by a Military Directorate, the focus of which was on driving out the Vietnamese. [14] That year he began an education at a Roman Catholic primary school, the École Miche,[15] with Meak paying the tuition fees. [82] The civil conflict then intensified, with France backing Sihanouk's war against the rebels. [246] During the first year of Khmer Rouge rule, most areas of the country were able to stave off starvation despite significant population increases caused by the evacuation of the cities. [171], In January 1971, a Central Committee meeting was held at this base, bringing together 27 delegates to discuss the war. [446] Pol Pot had a nationalistic attitude and displayed little interest in events outside Cambodia. This street was barricaded off and the diplomats were not permitted to leave without escorts. [213] Along with other Khmer Rouge leaders, he based himself in the railway station, which was easy to defend. [185] As it became more dominant, the CPK imposed increasing numbers of controls over Vietnamese troops active in Cambodia. [251] Sport was prohibited. [35] According to Chandler, Sâr and Sary worked for the party during its successful election campaign;[36] conversely, Short maintains that Sâr had no contact with the party. [78] At Krabao, he gained a rudimentary grasp of Vietnamese,[79] and rose to become secretary and aide to Tou Samouth, the Secretary of the Khmer Việt Minh's Eastern Zone. [371], In December 1981, Pol Pot and Nuon Chea decided to dissolve the Communist Party of Kampuchea, a decision taken with very little discussion among the party's membership, some of whom were shocked. [34] The most successful of these was the Democratic Party, which won the 1946 general election. [399] There, the Khmer Rouge sentenced Pol Pot to life imprisonment; the three other commanders were sentenced to death. [461], Various Marxist–Leninist groups endorsed Pol Pot's government while it was in power. [49], In Paris, Ieng Sary and two others established the Cercle Marxiste ("Marxist Circle"), a Marxist–Leninist organisation arranged in a clandestine cell system. Ben Kiernan, "Vietnam and the Governments and People of Kampuchea", This page was last edited on 1 April 2021, at 17:49. Pol Pot (born Saloth Sâr; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian revolutionary and politician who governed Cambodia as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1975 and 1979. [267] From Beijing, he was then taken on a tour of China, visiting sites associated with Mao and the Chinese Communist Party. New Brunswick. [16] Sâr was not academically gifted and was held back two years, receiving his Certificat d'Etudes Primaires Complémentaires in 1941 at the age of 16. [323] Cambodian forces fought back against the invaders, who had withdrawn to Vietnam by 6 January 1978. [411], Pol Pot took up ideas of orthodox Marxism–Leninism but, contrary to Marx and Lenin's concepts, he believed in the ideal of an entirely self-sufficient and agrarian socialist society that would be entirely free from all foreign influences. [272] In the Eastern Zone, for instance, a huge dam was built. [212], On 20 April 1975, three days after Phnom Penh fell, Pol Pot secretly arrived in the abandoned city. [228] He then relocated to the city's tallest structure, the 1960s-built Bank Buildings, which became known as "K1". The Khmer Rouge Western Zone regional chief Koh Kong and his followers began launching small-scale attacks on government targets along the Thai border. These restrictions were initially imposed on the Cham ethnic group before being rolled out across other communities. [410] In 1979, Deng for instance criticised the Khmer Rouge for engaging in "deviations from Marxism-Leninism". [277] The government became aware of this, and by the end of 1976 Pol Pot acknowledged food shortages in three quarters of the country. They thought this was necessary to dismantle capitalism which they associated with the urban culture. [348] There, Deng urged the Khmer Rouge to continue a guerrilla war against the Vietnamese and to establish a broad, non-communist front against the invaders, with a prominent role given to Sihanouk. Known as Workers' Party of Kampuchea until 1966. PAUL OÜ alustas peaaegu 30 aastat tagasi, mil juhatuse liikmed seda juhtima hakkasid. [158] He stressed to Lê Duẩn that while he wanted the Vietnamese to supply the Khmer Rouge with weapons, he did not want troops: the Cambodians needed to oust Lon Nol themselves. For the past 60 years, an alien named Paul (voiced by Seth Rogen) has been hanging out at a top-secret military base. [251] The only reading material that the population were permitted to read was that produced by the government, most notably the newspaper Padevat ("Revolution"). [295] Those who were empowered by the Khmer Rouge administration either "probably believed" Pol Pot's claims regarding the construction of a socialist society or "vigorously pretended that they did", according to Chandler. [25] In 1947, he left the school. [274] From the summer of 1976, the government ordered that children over the age of seven would live not with their parents but communally with Khmer Rouge instructors. [403] Three days later, his wife cremated his body on a pyre of tyres and rubbish, utilising traditional Buddhist funerary rites. Conversely, he has been internationally denounced for his role in the Cambodian genocide and is regarded as a totalitarian dictator guilty of crimes against humanity. [165], In June 1970, Sâr left Vietnam and reached his K-5 base. [252], In January 1976, a cabinet meeting was held to promulgate a new constitution declaring that the country was to be renamed "Democratic Kampuchea". [197] He concluded that the Khmer Rouge should start talking openly about its commitment to making Cambodia a socialist society and launch a secret campaign to oppose Sihanouk's influence. [393], Pol Pot had grown suspicious of Son Sen and in June 1997 ordered his death. [65] At a meeting, the Cercle decided to send someone to Cambodia to assess the situation and determine which rebel group they should support; Sâr volunteered for the role. [258] In November 1977, Burma's Ne Win was the first foreign head of government to visit Democratic Kampuchea, followed soon after by Romania's Nicolae Ceaușescu. [407][408] The Khmer Rouge themselves continued to face territorial losses to the Cambodian Army and in March 1999 Ta Mok was also captured. Sâr, Tou Samouth and Nuon Chea were part of a four-man General Affair Committee leading the party. Under his administration, Cambodia was converted into a one-party communist state governed according to Pol Pot's interpretation of Marxism–Leninism. [384] In June, the various Cambodian factions agreed a ceasefire, to be overseen by the United Nations, with the formation of a new Supreme National Council to facilitate the implementation of democratic elections. [251] Restrictions were placed on movement, with people permitted to travel only with the permission of the local Khmer Rouge authorities. [73] Sâr regarded the Khmer Việt Minh, a mixed Vietnamese and Cambodian guerrilla subgroup of the North Vietnam-based Việt Minh, as the most promising resistance group. [152] Native religions were banned as part of the Khmer Rouge's attempt to eliminate religion in the country. There are 60+ professionals named "Paul Pol", who use LinkedIn to exchange information, ideas, and opportunities. [16] He became literate in French and familiar with Christianity. Découvrez l'univers Pol & Rosa dans la boutique officielle en ligne : des collections en lin fabriquées en France : accessoires, linge de maison [279] Members of the Central Committee could go to China for medical treatment,[280] and the highest echelons of the party had access to imported luxury products. [413] Even more influential was the work of Mao Zedong, particularly his New Democracy. After Lon Nol ousted Sihanouk in a 1970 coup, Pol Pot's forces sided with the deposed leader against the new government, which was bolstered by the United States military. [86] He and other Cambodian Marxist–Leninists decided to pursue their aims through electoral means. [380] In the summer he married a young woman named Mea; the following spring their daughter, Sitha, was born. [122] In February 1963, at the party's second conference, held in a central Phnom Penh apartment, Sâr was elected party secretary, but soon fled into the jungle to avoid repression by Sihanouk's government. [353], The Khmer Rouge turned to China for support against the invasion. [393] A stroke left him paralysed on the left side of his body,[393] and he eventually required daily access to oxygen. Those the Khmer Rouge regarded as enemies were killed. [253] The constitution asserted state ownership of the means of production, declared the equality of men and women, and the rights and obligation of all citizens to work. [176] Some people regarded as hostile to the movement were executed, although this was uncommon. "[448] Chandler noted that Pol Pot displayed "a tendency" towards violence and terror. [392] The Khmer Rouge nevertheless faced growing levels of desertion over the first half of the 1990s. [37] Operatives of Ho Chi Minh's better established Vietnamese Marxist–Leninist group, the Việt Minh, also established a nascent Marxist–Leninist movement, but it was beset by ethnic tensions between the Khmer and Vietnamese. [321], In December, Vietnam sent 50,000 troops over the border along a 100-mile stretch, penetrating 12 miles into Cambodia. [30] His fellow students were generally of a lower class than those at the Lycée Sisowath, though they were not peasants. [45] He returned to Yugoslavia the following year for a camping holiday. [194] Later that year, it began bombarding the city with artillery. Paul (polip) Ez a közzétett változat, ellenőrizve: 2020. július 19. [332] By August 1978, Pol Pot could only consider Mok's forces in the south-west and Pauk's in the Central Zone as being reliable. [376] On the ground in Cambodia there nevertheless remained little military collaboration between these factions, which included the Khmer Rouge as well as the Sihanoukist National Army and Son Senn's National Front for the Liberation of the Khmer People. (ENT: \"Zero Hour\") As a child, T'Pol was betrothed to a Vulcan named Koss; their marriage was due to be conducted in adulthood. [62], In Cambodia, growing internal strife resulted in King Sihanouk dismissing the government and declaring himself prime minister. Official Paul McCartney news, music, art, videos, downloads and fan communities. [283] There were also several village rebellions among the Cham. [302], On taking power, the Khmer Rouge spurned both the Western states and the Soviet Union as sources of support. [81] In November, Sihanouk declared Cambodia's independence. [12] When Sâr was six years old, he and an older brother were sent to live with Meak in Phnom Penh; informal adoptions by wealthier relatives were then common in Cambodia. [337] In December 1978, it formally launched the Khmer National United Front for National Salvation (KNUFNS), a group made up of Cambodian exiles which it hoped to install in place of the Khmer Rouge. [232] Throughout 1975, the Communist Party's control over Cambodia was kept secret. [417] Short noted that an underlying doctrinal view among the Khmer Rouge was that "it is always better to go too far than not far enough", an approach that was "at the root of many of the abuses" which occurred under their regime. [122], The Central Committee met again in January 1965 to denounce the "peaceful transition" to socialism espoused by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, accusing him of being a revisionist. Don't be like me and try to make it to Amberstill Ranch.Pol Amberstill the standing next to the NPC you got the quest from.Happy drinking! [57], Sâr found many of Karl Marx's denser texts difficult, later saying he "didn't really understand" them. [238] Sihanouk was allowed to travel abroad, in October addressing the UN General Assembly to promote the new Cambodian government and in November embarking on an international tour. [310] The Chinese were the only country allowed to retain their old Phnom Penh embassy. [393], Pol Pot placed renewed emphasis on those living in Khmer Rouge territory imitating the lives of the poorest peasants and in 1994 ordered the confiscation of private transport and an end to cross-border trade with Thailand. Pseudonym. Champagnes Pol Roger - My tastes are simple, i am easily satisfied with the best. [314] According to a 2001 academic source, the most widely accepted estimates of excess deaths under the Khmer Rouge range from 1.5 million to 2 million, although figures as low as 1 million and as high as 3 million have been cited; conventionally accepted estimates of deaths due to Khmer Rouge executions range from 500,000 to 1 million, "a third to one half of excess mortality during the period". [367] From 1981, Pol Pot's main goal was to attract popular support among the Cambodian population, believing that this would be vital in enabling him to win the war. [173] In July and August, Pol Pot oversaw a month-long training course for CPK cadres in the Northern Zone headquarters. [453] French conductor and arranger. [32] After the war ended with Germany's and Japan's defeat, France reasserted its control over Cambodia in 1946,[33] but allowed for the creation of a new constitution and the establishment of various political parties. Pol ou Saint-Pol est un nom de famille notamment porté par : Pol, Saint-Pol ou Sant Pol est un nom de lieu notamment porté par : Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Thanks to everyone who donated in memory of our Wee POL. [296] Vietnam responded by ordering its Air Force to bomb Cambodian border positions. [351] There were isolated examples of Cambodian villagers killing Khmer Rouge officials in revenge. Heuveline's central estimate is 2.52 million excess deaths, of which 1.4 million were the direct result of violence. It's never too late to reinvent yourself. Genealogy for Paul ou Pol Desbrosses (1647 - d.) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. [388] The Khmer Rouge became increasingly confrontational, expanding its territory across western Cambodia. [218] Shortly after the taking of Phnom Penh, Ieng Sary travelled to Beijing, negotiating the provision of 13,300 tons of Chinese weaponry to Cambodia. [61] From Kropotkin he took the idea that an alliance between intellectuals and the peasantry was necessary for revolution; that a revolution had to be carried out without compromise to its conclusion to succeed; and that egalitarianism was the basis of a communist society. [342] Soon after the Congress, two senior government members—Vorn Vet and Kong Sophal—were arrested and sent to S-21. [399] Khieu Samphân and Nuon Chea sided with Mok. [420] [175] From 1970 to 1971, the Khmer Rouge had generally sought to cultivate good relations with the inhabitants, organising local elections and assemblies. [152], In March 1970, while Sâr was in Beijing, Cambodian parliamentarians led by Lon Nol deposed Sihanouk when he was out of the country. Mok rallied troops loyal to him at Anlong Veng, informing them that Pol Pot had betrayed their movement and then headed to Kbal Ansoang. They did not reject foreign assistance altogether although regarded it as pernicious. [125] Their interpretation moved away from the orthodox Marxist focus on the urban proletariat as the forces of a revolution to build socialism, giving that role instead to the rural peasantry, a far larger class in Cambodian society. [331] Aware that they would be killed on Pol Pot's orders, increasing numbers of Eastern Zone troops began rebelling against the Khmer Rouge government. [229] Pol Pot's wife, whose schizophrenia had worsened, was sent to live in a house in Boeung Keng Kâng. Khmer Rouge cadres subsequently killed Sen and 13 of his family members and aides; Pol Pot later stated that he had not sanctioned all of these killings. [66] Amid the broader First Indochina War in neighboring French Indochina, Cambodia was in a civil war,[70] with civilian massacres and other atrocities carried out by all sides. [193], In summer 1973, the Khmer Rouge launched its first major assault on Phnom Penh, but was forced back amid heavy losses. [114], As well as facing leftist opposition, Sihanouk's government faced hostility from right-wing opposition centred on Sihanouk's former Minister of State, Sam Sary, who was backed by the United States, Thailand and South Vietnam. [298] At this point the remaining CPK members who had spent time in Hanoi were killed, along with their children. [357] In China, the Khmer Rouge set up their "Voice of Democratic Kampuchea" radio station, which remained their main outlet for communicating with the world. [55] Stalin's approach to Marxism—known as Stalinism—gave Sâr a sense of purpose in life. He doesn’t want anyone to know about his sexuality, especially because he hasn’t yet come to terms with it himself. Despite its ideological iconoclasm, many historical monuments were left undamaged by the Khmer Rouge;[282] for Pol Pot's government, like its predecessors, the historic state of Angkor was a key point of reference.